The "hardness" of water is usually expressed as parts per million (ppm) by mass of caco3. what is the molar concentration of ca+2 ions in a water sample with a hardness count of 175 ppm?

Air pressure is measured in pascals. for a professional american football game, the ball should be inflated to about 90,000 pascals. scientists studied the effects of air temperature on the pressure inside american footballs by taking these steps: 1. prepare 100 footballs. 2. measure each football's air pressure. 3. divide footballs into 10 groups. 4. place the groups in different lockers cooled to different air temperatures. 5. after 12 hours, remove the footballs from lockers. 6. measure each football's pressure again. 7. compare the new pressures to the starting pressures. what two terms best describe the variable "air pressure inside the football" in this experiment? independent, qualitative independent, quantitative dependent, qualitative dependent, quantitative