Refer to the following statement regarding a study to compare the IQs of children whose mothers smoked and did not smoke during pregnancy: "For example, as you can see from the reported confidence intervals, we can't rule out the possibility that the differences in IQ at 1 and 2 years of age were in the other direction because the interval covers some negative values." The statement refers to a confidence interval ranging from −3.03 to 8.20, with the mean for the children of smokers being subtracted from those of non-smokers. Write a paragraph explaining how to interpret this confidence interval that would be understood by someone with no training in statistics. Make sure you are clear about the population to which the result applies.